Modern History Essay on USA Civil Rights Movement Essay

In the USA from 1865, when slavery was abolished and African American people where supposedly considered separate but equal by the constitution, to the 1960s, when the African Americans where actually considered equal, segregation practises where being endorsed throughout the USA. Segregation was the practice of separating the white Americans and the African Americans. Segregation occurred when the white Americans continued their upper status on the previously enslaved African Americans, therefore maintaining the African Americans status of repression. However throughout the later 1950s to 1960s American went through the Civil Rights Movement, in which the African Americans aimed for a desegregated society that maintained equality. Throughout the Civil Rights Movement many non-violent protests were held creating direct confrontation urging changes to be made within segregated social areas. Therefore non-violent direct confrontation was the successful means which helped to end segregation practises in the USA. Non-violence was the concept of holding a protest that was peaceful and did not retaliate to violence that was likely to be present. The most successful aspect of these protests was direct confrontation. This was when the African Americans would directly break one of the rules in public segregation, causing direct friction within the segregated society, to push the boundaries in which African American people where confined. The confrontation along with the friction created by these peaceful protests predominantly concluded with change due to the persistence of the African Americans. Despite the escalating violence that was waiting at the majority of the African Americans protests they continued, fighting for their civil rights as humans. One of the most supported organisations for African Americans, by not only African Americans themselves but also white Americans in support of desegregation, was the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (the NAACP). As well one of the most historically supported leaders of the NAACP, Martin Luther King’s virtues for desegregation was non-violent protesting. The increasing levels of support for the NAACP helped create mass protest to which those higher up within the government would be forced into acting upon to eradicate the chance of the protest escalating into a violent scene caused by the white Americans. Therefore it is clearly evident that non-violent, direct confrontation was a marginally successful approach to the Civil Rights Movement. Throughout the Civil Rights Movement the media played a major role in the method of non-violence in the ending of segregation. Although the African Americans had a great dedication to their protests they would not have been as greatly supported through these protests without the media. Television station camera men, reporters and photographers, where able to capture the violence and abuse directed at the African American’s, thus demonstrating the resilience of the protesters. Furthermore showing the general American public that in these situations of protests the aggressors where the white Americans and the treatment of the African Americans were unjust. Not only was this evidence of repression upon the African Americans displayed amongst the American media but also global media. Therefore effecting America’s superior reputation amidst the Cold War, giving the current enemy reason as to why capitalism was potentially failing and to their acquainted supporters and potential supporters. This global recognition for a Civil Rights struggle gave motivation to politics to act upon this situation to maintain their global reputation. Therefore the recognition of the African Americans repression and unjust treatment was national and globally recognised, thus gaining support from white Americans after this realisation. Hence the global realisation of this unjust treatment emphasised the need of social change to the government therefore giving some explanation as to the equality that becomes desegregation. Many of the non-violent protests African Americans undertook where simple acts however they caused extravagant aggravation due to racist view that the superior percentage of Americans had grown up amongst. One of the protests conducted by seven African Americans and six white Americans was abruptly ended when bus companies refused to carry them on further through their journey as they were confronted with a brutal mob that violently physically abused them and destroyed the busses that carried them. This protest was the Freedom Rides, protesting to desegregate bus terminals and associated facilities. However other protest groups pushed forward with the Freedom Rides continuing the journey and withstanding the violence until significant action was taken by the government. The desegregation for bus terminal and associated facilities was finally arranged after a major uprise in support for these freedom Riders. Much alike the Freedom Rides, Lunch Counter Sit-Ins were a peaceful protest than ended the desegregation of lunch counters. It started with the simple act on February 4th with of four African American college students sitting at a Woolworths lunch counter until the stores closing after being refused serves due to their race. This protest escalated in size and expanded rapidly due to the support it received. Over 50,000 people participated in one or more of the sit in’s within a year in over 15 different states and various cities. Due to the size and direct confrontation of this protest, abuse and violence erupted in many of the Sit-Ins encouraging the government to desegregate to maintain the countries reputation. Thus although many of the protests conducted where simple acts of rebellion for the African Americans the persistence of them where found confronting to the white Americans therefore resulting in change. Further on during the Civil Rights Movement it became apparent that many other organisations for African Americans gained further support, this including the Muslim religion and in particular those surrounding Malcolm X. Although Malcolm X’s and Martin Luther King’s values for the equality of African Americans differ, their main aim was equality with the white Americans. Malcolm X supported maintaining the separation of the races where as King supported the integration of the races in an equal society. Malcolm X was an activist of the Muslim religion; he focused in eradicating the repression on the African Americans that was being held upon by the white Americans, much alike Martin Luther King. However they differ as King’s protests were supporting the integration of the races and living peacefully together, were as Malcolm believed in the maintaining of the separation of the races. However as history has proven within American prior to the late 1950s that separate is not equal, as much as that may be the aim. Hence it becomes evident that Malcolm X’s protests didn’t succeed in the equality of African American, whereas Martin Luther King’s non-violent protests to integrate proved very successful. Therefore throughout the Civil Rights Movement many different protests where held, and many different organisations where supported however the most successfully was non-violence. These non-violence tactics as stated earlier, where the most effective due to the media coverage, persistence of the large quantity and direct confrontation. Without these aspects the non-violence practices for ending segregation within the USA wold not have been as nearly as efficient. Thus using non-violent methods as a means for ending segregation within the USA proved to be highly successful.

Feral Chrenild Essay

The acute post-traumatic period is characterized by an attempt by the child to reorganize, reevaluate and restore their pre-traumatic world. Many of the emotional, behavioral and cognitive signs and symptoms of the acute post-traumatic period are due to these efforts†. As bizarre as it may sound these are some of the issues that we are forced to be reckoned with. ? Background on feral children Although it is obvious that an abandoned child will not learn to speak properly, this was not always understood, what many feral children do learn is to mimic animal sounds, and the Sounds of their host family, those that have lived on their own in the wild learn to adept, recognize and imitate the sounds of many different animals. In the Opt omen Television production Feral Children, Oxana Malaya can be seen running around on all fours and barking like a dog. Oxana Malaya a Russian girl (born November 1983) was found as an 8-year-old feral child in Ukraine in 1991, having lived most of her life in the company of dogs. She picked Up a number of dog-like habits and found it difficult to master language. Oxana’s Alcoholic parents were unable to care for her. They lived in an impoverished area where There were wild dogs roaming the streets, she lived in a dog kennel from the age of three Behind her house where she was cared for by dogs and learned their behaviors and Mannerisms she growled, barked, and crouched like a wild dog, sniffed at her food Before she ate, and was found to have extremely acute senses of hearing, Smell and sight. In 2006 Oxana was institutionalized for mental illness where she help Looks after Cows. (sight) Feral children brought up by animals develop a particularly good sense of smell, hearing, and excellent sight especially at night. However, they are quite impervious to heat, cold, rain, and showed no perception of hot and, cold, feral children also carries a offensive odor that wouldn’t leave them despite washing, and weeks or months on a normal diet. Many physical changes that Feral children do undergo are brought about by walking on all fours, their muscles Develop differently they acquire calluses’ on their palms, knees, Ankles, and other leg joints because there are accustom to being bent most of the time. Feral children are Usually both strong, and very physically fit, they can run (on all fours), climb and jump With great rapidity, undoubtedly the lack of normal developmental stimuli has a devastating impact on the development of the human brain. Feral children would not be Classified as human bearing any of the traditional criteria, however, generally speaking, we now Accept as human someone who is clearly genetically human, regardless of their intelligence, Abilities or skills when it comes to the mind, feral children do not think about either them selves or others in the way most humans do, Through the work of Dr Bruce Perry, we know that Without the stimulation that takes place in a normal childhood, the brains of feral children are smaller and malformed, such is the impact of the lack of development. The deprivation associated with the isolation from human society that feral children experience During those critical formative years has a profound effect on every aspect of their development, And socialization, they don’t know how to socialize, and don’t want to socialize. Feral children do not like human company and would go at lengths to avoid it, rarely showing Signs of attachment, and would sit facing the corner, their face entirely expressionless. Feral children show no interest in other children their own age or in games they play, not even to recognize their own reflection. Children brought up by animals’ exhibit the social behavior of their adoptive families. They lap drinks, and learn animal sounds, and gestures like an animal would. Emotionally feral children are known not to laugh or cry although some do develop an attachment. Feral children are also known for sudden fits of anger biting, scratching others, and even themselves made worse by the fact that they were raised in the wild. It has long been thought that there is some sort of connection between autism and feral children, many accounts of feral children clearly describe patterns of behavior that we would now associate with autism. â€Å"Firstly, autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning there are varying degrees of Severity, Common traits include poor social interaction skills, a good rote memory, an Attention to detail, failure to understand abstract concepts, lack of empathy, lack of Creativity, severe sensory problems, and intolerance towards change and, that’s the Thing people notice the most. So here lies yet another hole in the autism / feral child Connection†. Autism and Feral Children, by Andrew Teo. Rehabilitation of feral Children The rehabilitation of feral children can take months or years depending on the severity Of their early childhood development and time spend on their own in the wild, the Rehabilitation purpose can include a verity of Stages such as language development, physical development and the need to understand human behavior. Researche have Shown some feral children choosing not to wear cloth and rather being naked not wanting to eat with proper utensils spoon or fork but rather with their mouth like animals. The Rehabilitation of feral children, the process is slow and time consuming but with the help Of dedicated doctors, therapy, love, and care there are a few cases of feral children Who have been rehabilitated and somewhat Functional in society weather it may be Working with animals like Genie or struggling with the everyday transition back into society. The integration of Feral Children back into society There are a few cases of feral children who have successfully been integrated Into society, once such case was recently aired on the Oprah Winfred show and Caught the attention of many fewer around the world, and showed how children Are been abused, abandon and severally mistreated by the hands of love one. †¢Danielle now 9 years old who was lock away from civilization and know nothing About human contact, could not speak, could not dress herself and was afraid of Human was discovered July 13, 2005. Danielle is now attending occupational and physical therapy, she also attend speech classes, and horseback riding. Thanks to her adapted family Danielle is know Successfully integrated and coping with society. †¢Another case is Oxana now 22, has made good progress; she has learned to talk which is unusual in cases of feral children. Oxana demonstrate the ability of a five year old. Today Oxana lives in the Baraboy Clinic in Odessa where she works with farm animals under the care of her doctors. Conclusion No matter how fascinating, scientifically interesting some of These stories may seem it isn’t much fun to be a feral child, wolf boy or wild girl We shouldn’t forget that all these children have been abandoned, neglected Even cruelly abused, some of the stories are quite harrowing which, is why it is Always important for parents, care givers to give the love and care desire for a Long healthy life style from an early age within a Childs life.

Women in Sport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women in Sport - Case Study Example Before 1870, women sports subsisted in â€Å"play activity: forms that were entertaining instead for competition, also, being casual and lacking regulations, highlighted physical exercise (Shangold, Mona & Gabe, 2012). A leading belief in 1800 was that every person had a predetermined energy amount. If such energy gets employed in physical as well as academic duties simultaneously, it may be dangerous (Women's Sports Foundation, 2006). Riding on the back of a horse for recreation, show canoeing as well as swimming became trendy; however women weren’t motivated to dive themselves. This bodily exercise for women was considered to be particularly dangerous since in menstruation they were â€Å"occasionally weakened† (Adrian, 2005). During 1875, while women were starting to get entry to universities, Prof. Edward Clarim released Gender in School; or, A Just Chance for Girls that ignited an insistent and bitter discussion concerning the women’s capability for bodily exercise. He articulated that, â€Å"every muscular as well as mind labor may be decreased at the menstruation onset† (Parkhouse & Lapin, 2015). While extra women pursued to get included in sports, they develop into being further competitive. During the belatedly 1800 as well as early 1900, they started to create unofficial athletic associations. Bowling, archery, croquet and Tennis were trendy in associations from in New Orleans and New York.

Australian Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Law - Essay Example There also has to be the item being offered and the consideration for the same. It is also worth noting that putting an advertisement on the paper is classified as an invitation to treat (Evan, 2006). This is where the seller is welcoming any prospective buyer to come and make an offer the commodity being sold. However, once the buyer has made the offer and the seller has agreed to take the stated consideration, the contract becomes binding and prevents the seller from rescinding such a contract on any other basis. For the agreement to become binding, the offer must be communicated and the acceptance communicated too, indicating an intention to enter into a contract. If in the communication of the acceptance the offeree changes any term of the original offer, then the contract is breached and not binding any more. If the acceptance happens to be given after the set time for the contract has expired, then the contract can be rescinded (Parkinson, 2001). The most important aspect regar ding the offer and acceptance is that from the judgment of a reasonable ground, the whole deal settles as a bargain that is concluded. Notable also is the fact that both the parties entering into such a contract must have the capacity to engage. Under this provision, a drunk or a minor cannot enter into any binding agreement. In our case, Anton offers to sell a photograph to John. John agrees to buy the photo and then pay for it $10,000. Here, there is an involvement of two parties, the seller, and the buyer. The law requires that the intention by the two parties entering into such a contractual agreement should be to create a contract. In this case, there was a clear intention to form a contract, in the sense that John agreed to purchase the photograph only if it was authentic. The response by Anton was positive. This far, the intended transaction had qualified to be a contract. However, there was an abrupt change of plans when Anton was informed that the same photo would fetch mor e money, to a tune of $ 30,000. By deciding to give out the photograph to be sold at a higher price in auction, well knowing that he had agreed to sell the same to John, Anton breached the agreement. Under the Australian law, there are two provisions that guide the cause of action, once one party to the agreement breaches a contractual agreement. The legislation guiding fair-trading in all the Australian states as well as the law of consumer provides that a party to the contractual agreement who decides to breach the agreement can be sued for damages (Baker, 1995). The fact that Anton breached the agreement gives John a legal right to claim the watch and if not provide to him, then to sue Anton over the same. Thus, in our case, John can take legal action and sue Anton for the breach of contract. However, there are some considerations that need to be done in this case, just before a determination is given as to who bares the responsibility. The fundamental principle of capacity comes into play in this case (Hoggers, 2008). We are not told the age of both the seller and the buyer. If it happens that Anton was below the legal age of responsibility, then John have no legal right to sue Anton for the breach of that contract. The state of the two parties entering the contract is not given also. Considering the fact that any contract entered into by parties who are drunk or not sober is not binding,

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency Essay - 1

Questionnaire - Benefit GCC become Common currency - Essay Example The findings of the study reveal that majority of the participants were between 26 to 35 years 40 percent of the population). 21 percent of the population was between the ages 36 to 45 years, 19 percent were between the age group less than 25 years and 10 percent were between the age group 46 to 55 years and over 55 years. The qualification/ highest education of the participants was asked. The results show that most of respondents were university graduated 56 percent of them were bachelors, 12 percent PhD 15 percent were masters. However, the respondents with graduated high school were only 4 percent. Hence, it can be noted that the most of the participants were education and qualified degrees. The statistical findings reveal 75 percent of the participants were UAE national, whereas on 13 percent wee gulf national and 12 percent was non-Arab national. Hence, it can be noted that the majority of the respondents were UAE nationals. On the basis of the results obtained it can be majority of the respondents disagreed that he increase in the oil revenues will welcome the idea for GCC countries to have a common currency union (mean value 13). Moreover, it can be noted that the dispersion in the data was relatively low that indicates that the responses were more inclined towards disagreement of the idea. It is because the increase in the oil revenue will separately improve overall economic performance of the country due to which there is not a significant reason for the GCC countries to unite and establish common currency union. Furthermore, it was also investigated if the GCC countries are ready to establish separate currency the outcomes of the study highlights that the majority of the respondents disagreed and strongly disagreed to establish GCC currency union. However, the STD of 8.9 indicates that there has been a great dispersion in the data that means that the respondent’s opinion greatly

Discuss victimization of Children that are exposed to domestic Essay

Discuss victimization of Children that are exposed to domestic violence and the long term impact - Essay Example Individuals who are directly targeted in domestic violence are not only suffering its adverse effects; others, especially children, are even experiencing the negative effects of this sort of violent behavior. Children are being exposed to this sort of violence in their everyday life in different forms; exposure might be in form of hearing, seeing, experiencing and being informed about such assaults. According to the US Census Bureau, during 2001 a total of 15.5 million children were living in households where domestic violence was taking place (McDonald, 2007). Children who are violated in cases of domestic violence are not only the ones being negatively impacted; even children who live in households where domestically violent activities are taking place are being negatively impacted. The degree of impact may vary according to factors such as age, sex, frequency, and whether the child has been directly abused or has experienced indirect abuse. The negative effects domestic violence on children are said to be short as well as long term in nature. Short term negative effects associated with domestic violence include: increase in anxiousness, depressing state of mind, and depreciated level of performance in academic life and self-esteem. The long-term negative effects associated with domestic violence are those concerning the way domestically violated children exhibit as they grow up. College going students that have been violated indirectly reported the various issues stated in the short term negative effects of this kind of violence as compared to those college students that do not experience intimate partner violence (Stark, 2009). Studies even report that individuals who have been abused sexually and emotionally in childhood have even reported the same kinds of abuse in their adulthood (Stark, 2009). The social learning theory states that if children observe

JOURNAL REFLECTIVING USE SELF AWRENESS IN HELPING WORK Coursework

JOURNAL REFLECTIVING USE SELF AWRENESS IN HELPING WORK - Coursework Example Self-awareness entails consciousness of communication styles and how they affect the clients’ perceptions of counsellors’ professional abilities and empathy. Self-aware counsellors know how to choose proper communication styles that are best for clients, in order to make them feel that client welfare is their counsellors’ main priority (Uhlemann and Jordan, 2012, p.71). Some self-awareness practices involve appropriate sitting position and distance and eye-contact considerations. Counsellors should be able to sit at the right position and distance that respect clients’ personal space. They must be close enough though to easily show their empathy for them. Counsellors should also be able to know how comfortable clients are with eye contact through observing their nonverbal reactions to it, although many people trust others who can see them literally eye-to-eye. Being aware of these behaviours can make clients feel more comfortable in communicating with thei r counsellors and improve the ease of establishing counsellor-client trust. Besides communication behaviours, self-awareness also means being aware of their strengths and weakness, including biases and limitations. Self-aware counsellors recognize their skills and abilities (Uhlemann and Jordan, 2012, p.71). They know how to be concrete and specific with their advice and how to help their clients improve their ability to make action plans. An example of strength is being able to discuss various coping options for clients because of the knowledge of different coping mechanisms across cultures. Apart from strengths, self-aware counsellors know their weaknesses. An example of a weakness is getting frustrated with female clients who cannot leave their irresponsible husbands, even when these men are violent and unfaithful. Some counsellors may sense anger and frustration in their voices and behaviours when they hear about men taking advantage of these

Infulence of particpation in strategic change; resistance, Annotated Bibliography

Infulence of particpation in strategic change; resistance, organization commitment and goal achievement - Annotated Bibliography Example The article examines how the right to reject a decision on resistance to change, change goal achievement, and post change commitment to the organization; and consultative participation are related. Lines, in testing his hypotheses, opted to include the option of rejecting a proposed change since may assist in capturing instances where organizations forego changes that they deem optimal because from the change recipient perspective, they are not acceptable. Additionally, Lines used a set of three variables that represented outcomes, which allowed for a comprehensive assessment of whether a strategy implementation is complete or not. He tries to establish whether the effects of participation are dependent on the context in which an approach is applied by focusing on the extent to which change is: compatible to organizational culture, expected to lead to less or more job variety, and expected to lower costs. The finding of the study indicated that existence of positive relationship between participation and organizational commitment and goal achievement. The findings showed that a strong negative relationship exists between participation and resistance to change and that the personal goals of recipients and the compatibility of changes with the culture of the organization moderated the effects of participation. I picked Mowday et al., (1979) because it offered a lot of insight with regards to the compatibility of change with the organizational culture and the recipients’’ acceptance of the values and beliefs of the organization. I also picked Porter et al, (1974) as an influential article because it offered more insight into assessing post change organizational commitment, and how it is affected by participation. The article by Hackman and Oldham (1975) was influential in the interpretation of the study’s results, especially with regards to

The communication of Ants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The communication of Ants - Essay Example Pheromone is a chemical signal that helps in the identification of the location of other ants. For purposes of receiving smell, ants use their mobile, thin and long antennae (Oller, 2008). Their paired antenna is able to provide information regarding the intensity of scents, and their direction. Because majority of these insects live on the ground, they are able to use the surface of the soil, for purposes of leaving a trail of pheromone, so that other ants may follow (Oller, 2008). For instance, when an ant finds a source of food, it will mark a trail of the source back to the colony. Other ants are able to follow this trail, and reinforce it when heading back with the food, to their colony. When the source of the food is exhausted, they will no longer leave a new trail, and the scent will slowly disappear (Oller, 2008). This behavior by ants is able to help it adapt to the various environmental changes that affects it. For example, when the source of food is blocked, an ant will explore new routes, and leave a trail of the new route for other ants to follow. Other ants would explore this route, for purposes of identifying other better

DETERMINING YOUR PERFECT POSITION Research Paper - 1

DETERMINING YOUR PERFECT POSITION - Research Paper Example an therefore learn to be an effective leader by understanding the different approaches to leadership so as to apply the best approach in a given situation. There are a number of leadership theories which provide an understanding into the subject of leadership and enabling people to become better leaders. According to the trait theories, it is realized that effective leaders usually share a number of characteristics which enable them to lead effectively. These personality traits are innate qualities such as integrity, empathy and likability. Indeed, such qualities are very useful in the context of leadership. However, there is no combination of traits which can make somebody a better leader. In this regard, leaders are normally expected to use these traits and characteristics in addressing different situations. The traits will usually demonstrate our external behaviors. As a leader in an organization that is restructuring, I would ensure that I apply the core traits of integrity, empathy and assertiveness in addressing the challenges in the organization. I would emphasize on emotional stability in all situations while ensuring effective communication with my workers. More importantly, I would always be ready to admit mistakes and errors as opposed to focusing on covering them. This would go a long way in creating an important link with the employees. Behavioral theories focus largely on the conduct and behaviors of leaders. For instance, as a leader, it is not proper to just dictate what is to be done and then expect a smooth cooperation within the organization. In the same way, the importance and applicability of group of individual decision making must be well understood. In this respect, there are three classes of leaders: autocratic, democratic and laissez faire leaders. Autocratic leaders usually make individual decisions without consulting their team. Such leadership is appropriate in situations where quick decisions need to be made (Raatma, 2003). On the

Teacher Tenure Essay Example for Free

Teacher Tenure Essay Imagine a world where teachers were perfect and students never failed exams. This world is impossible, due to the fact that no one is perfect. Unfortunately, the reality is that some teachers are very bad at their jobs. Many grade unfairly, don’t thoroughly cover the course material, and fail to make their class enjoyable. College students pay good money for an education and expect quality teachers to help them learn effectively. It is for reasons like this that teachers should not be rewarded with tenure after a certain amount of time. This idea of teacher tenure has good intentions behind it, but there are too many negative outcomes that arise from this regulation. Teacher tenure removes incentive to improve teaching, makes it more difficult to remove underperforming teachers, and makes seniority the main factor of employment instead of performance quality. Teacher tenure started in the late 1900s around the same time as some other labor movements. Some of these movements protested for safer work environments or higher pay. Teacher tenure was an idea that arose in order to protect teachers from being fired for non-work related reasons. For example, before tenure, women could be removed from teaching because they got married, pregnant, or simply because they wore pants (Stephey). These reasons were clearly very irrational and unfair. However, it is now the 21st century and those reasons are very outdated, just like the main reason for teacher tenure. Many teachers take advantage of this gift and slack off once it is given to them. After a teacher is tenured, it is very unlikely for them to be fired, meaning that they can teach in any way that they please. This could mean that they choose to ignore the course material or make their students read a textbook every day for class. Some argue that tenure allows educators to try new ways of teaching without the fear of being fired. This is a true statement, but it is irrelevant if one is not passionate about his or her profession. It seems as if many teachers become comfortable with their course material and become lazy or incompetent when it comes to adequately covering the necessary information. If there was no tenure, educators would feel more obligated to perform to the best of their ability as opposed to the bare minimum. Getting rid of tenure would also  prevent conflict when attempting to fire an incompetent teacher. Teacher tenure makes it more difficult to fire underperforming teachers. It is a timely process and it also costs much more than it should. This problem became evident in 1986, when it took eight years and $300,000 to fire an English teacher in California. After twenty years on the job, Juliet Ellery refused to improve her teaching methods. School officials documented more than 400 reasons why she should be removed from the teaching community. She stated that â€Å"the charges represented nothing more than opinions, exaggerations and lies.† After the long process of removing Ellery, she was only suspended from teaching for one year (Bathen). This is just one of many cases that exemplify the cost and time that comes with firing a tenured teacher. Unfortunately, many schools refuse to go through this process because of the cost. In some cases, the administration of the school will pay a teacher â€Å"under the table† to resign instead of trying to fire them. This is similar to Edward F. Murin’s case when he was bribed to resign so accusations of his poor behaviors would be dropped. A few of these behaviors included strangling a student and denying a diabetic student a soda in class. There were also numerous complaints from parents about racial and abusive behavior in the classroom. After 22 years of teaching and a ten-year legal battle, it cost tax-payers $1 million to remove Murin from the education world (Bathen). These two examples may be on the higher spectrum of time and money, but they exemplify the extremity of the issue. It also gives an explanation as to why, in most situations, nothing is done to banish the teachers. This means that students receive a lesser education and they can’t do anything about it. Another problem resulting from this law is the fact that seniority is a higher priority than the quality of the teacher. In many circumstances, seniority is the most important factor that determines a teacher’s salary and job position. It is very reasonable that teachers who continue to improve every year should receive raises. This would make sense that the oldest teachers would then have the highest salary. Of course, some teachers take advantage of this luxury and don’t try to improve their teaching methods. Sometimes, teachers even become worse with age. It is also common that the older teachers have the privilege of choosing their courses. This means that they have the attractive opportunity to teach General History as opposed to American Literacy of War or a much  more perplexing subject. Consequentially, students who strive for a challenge suffer with inexperienced educators. Clearly, there are many issues in regard to this policy. Some argue that tenure gives teachers academic freedom to try different teaching methods; however there are other laws that protect and allow them teach how they please. Although tenure gives educators job security and an opportunity to attempt new things, it also diminishes the quality of education given to students in some cases. Teachers should not be rewarded with tenure after a certain amount of time. This idea of teacher tenure has good intentions behind it, but there are too many negative outcomes that come from this regulation. Teacher tenure removes incentive to improve teaching and makes it nearly impossible to fire poorly performing teachers. Seniority also plays an unfair role in the education community and should also be reevaluated.

Book Review of Drinking Essay Example for Free

Book Review of Drinking Essay Caroline Knapp writes eloquently and honestly, yet often starkly, about her life as a â€Å"functioning alcoholic. † Ms. Knapp graduated Magna cum laude from Brown University, was a contributing editor at New Woman magazine as well as the Boston Phoenix. She wrote for many other magazines as well and was the author of Alice K’s Guide to Life. She was born into an upper-class family, one of two twin girls, daughter of a psychoanalyst father and an artist mother. Yet despite all the gifts seemingly bestowed upon her, from her earliest memories Ms. Knapp felt that she was different in some way; that she needed something to sustain her and help her travel through life; her particular crutch became alcohol. Carolyn’s family, though a model of respectability and stability on the outside, had their own particular demons to deal with. Carolyn’s father was described as â€Å"cold, remote, and inaccessible, an alcoholic involved in extramarital affairs. † (Handrup, 1998, p. 1). Her mother seemed to be â€Å"preoccupied with breast cancer throughout much of Knapp’s childhood,† and â€Å"was seemingly unaware of the inner life of her children. † (p. 1). Carolyn relates stories of her father’s previous marriage which produced three children, and the confusion that came along with the ex-wife and the younger son who was born with fetal alcohol syndrome and whose erratic behavior frightened Carolyn. The theory of nature causing alcoholism pretty much goes out the window on this particular case as Carolyn’s twin sister Becca never turned to alcohol or any other addictive behavior to cope with a life that virtually mirrored Carolyn’s own. The disability of any alcoholic seems to be an intense need for protection; an inability to weather the storms of life alone, the absolute craving for a friend, a lover that will carry them through the rough times. In fact, Ms. Knapp felt about alcohol the exact same way she imagined others felt about their lovers. It was something she craved, obsessed over, and thought about constantly. Ms. Knapp’s â€Å"rough times† in life soon translated into absolutely anything at all, good or bad. The sun was shining, or it wasn’t, the cashier at the grocery store was unfriendly, or perhaps too friendly, somebody died, a baby was born. Every nuance of life became too difficult to deal with, the emotions that accompanied normal day-to-day living were too much to process without a drink—or two, or three, or four. Ms. Knapp wryly notes that living without alcohol is like being â€Å"forced to live alone without the armor. The armor, of course, is protection from all the things we might actually feel, if we allowed ourselves to feel at all;† (Knapp, 1996, p. 113) Comfort became an absolute necessity, and Caroline remembers that from the time she was able to sit in her mother’s lap she would rock herself back and forth, and that this bizarre behavior continued for more years than she cared to remember. â€Å"Later I developed a more elaborate system: I’d get on my knees and elbow and curl up in a ball on the bed facedown like a turtle in its shell, and rock away, for hours sometimes†¦I was deeply embarrassed that I did this, ashamed of it, really, but I needed it. I needed it and it worked. The truth? I did this until I was sixteen. The rocking was just like drinking. † (Knapp, 1996, p. 62). So, from the comfort she derived from rockingfor hours sometimes Caroline â€Å"graduated† to a more sophisticated form of self-comfort—alcohol. She never came to a satisfactory conclusion as to why that comfort was so essential to her. â€Å"I still don’t know, today, if that hunger originated within the family or if it was something I was simply born with. In the end I don’t suppose it matters. You get your comfort where you can. † (p. 61). While Knapp faced few serious medical issues as a result of her alcoholism, she nonetheless suffered through the physical challenges her addiction brought such as the soon-daily hangovers, headaches and nausea. She suffered blackouts on occasion, and another woman one day remarked about all the tiny broken blood vessels on her nose—a classic sign of the habitual drinker. Knapp combined two addictions for a period of time; anorexia and alcoholism. She felt like the anorexia gave her control over her life, and the alcoholism made it possible for her to continue the anorexia. She notes during her anorexic phase that â€Å"I simply couldn’t stand the starving anymore, couldn’t go on without some kind of release from the absolute rigor and vigilance and self-control, and I’d go out and eat like crazy and drink like crazy. These episodes were usually preceded by some glimmer of insight into my own loneliness, some gnawing sense that my hunger was more than merely physical. † (Knapp, 1996, p. 141). The psychological consequences of this intense need for protection in the form of alcohol were many; Knapp notes several times how impossible it was to maintain any type of intimacy in relationships when she had a whole secret life that nobody else knew of. She felt she was one person at work the responsible, hard-working, intelligent and dedicated writer another with each of her boyfriends, another with her parents and siblings, and perhaps could only let her true self come through when she was alone with her lover, her glass of bourbon. Caroline felt an emptiness deep inside, that nothing could counteract except alcohol. She also felt an enormous sense of powerlessness in her own life, and described it in this way: â€Å"As a rule, active alcoholics are powerless people, or at least a lot of us tend to feel that way in our hearts. † (Knapp, 1996. p. 178). Perhaps because she was a classic example of the functioning alcoholic, few people in Caroline’s life ever mentioned her drinking to her as being a problem. When her mother told her that perhaps she was drinking a bit too much, Caroline promised she would only drink two drinks a day, no matter what. When she was unable to keep that promise, she found one excuse after another. Her own sister, while realizing the problem, skirted the issue with Caroline. While Becca didn’t come right out and say that she thought her sister was an alcoholic, Caroline felt shame because she knew on some level her sister knew. Friends and boyfriends alike, seemed to accept the fact that Caroline drank, never seeing much below that superficial level of awareness. Although there were moments of clarity when Knapp realized she must stop drinking, (such as the time she was drunkenly swinging her best friend’s two daughters around and fell down, narrowly missing injuring the children), in the end it was no one thing that prompted her to enter rehab. She felt that it would take â€Å"great courage to face life without anesthesia,† (Iaciofano, 2004, p. 13) yet, in the end, she was able to pull that very courage from somewhere deep inside herself. Ms. Knapp’s story, full of bad relationships, years of self doubt and pain, strong addictions and family issues, psychologically goes far beyond the disease of alcoholism itself, and offers tremendous insight into the gut-wrenching need for something to ease the pain that life inflicts. Ms. Knapp notes that â€Å"You take away the drink and you take away the single most important method of coping you have. How to talk to people without a drink†¦.. How to experience a real emotion—pain or anxiety or sadness—without an escape route, a quick way to anesthetize it. How to sleep at night. † (Knapp, 1996, p. 254). References Handrup, Cynthia Taylor. (July-September 1998). Drinking: A Love Story. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. Retrieved April 20, 2006, from http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_199807/ai_n8791537/print Iaciofano, Carol. (June 16, 2004). Lyrical Essays Trace a Woman’s Short Yet Rich Life. Globe. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. arlindo-correia. com/061203. html Knapp, Caroline. (1996). Drinking: A Love Story. New York, Bantam Dell, A Division of Random House.

Effect of the Thirty Years War on Europe

Effect of the Thirty Years War on Europe A number of Europe’s leading powers were involved in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), including France, Denmark, Sweden, and Spain. Most of the fighting took place in Germany and it suffered the most awful effects of the war. This war was undoubtedly the most destructive war in history of Germany before the 20th century. Up to 1/3rd of the urban population and 2/5th of the rural population might have been killed during the war. (Carter, 2011) The end of the Thirty Years War caused a number of dramatic changes and transformed Western Europe in remarkable religious, social and political ways. The post-war period caused the ending of the Holy Roman Empire and the succeeding collapse of the Hapsburg powers. The further divisions made Europe much like it is now with Catholic areas in south and the Lutherans beyond north and more significantly, it took the principal power from the Catholic Church. (the social and economical consequencs of thirty year war) It also worked to suppress some of the religious fights with the ultimate Peace of Westphalia. The war also had a great influence on society as it reduced a large percentage of the German population, damaged crops, assisted in the spread of disease and abolished the German economy from the large to small scale. The mediocre people living in Europe during that time were the most affected by the war. In order to fund huge armies, taxes were raised by the state. Increasing demands of the government, planted the seed of rage toward government that later emerged throughout the future rebellions. Though it was not easy but resolution of the â€Å"Peace of Westphalia† was signed in 1648 and as a consequence, Western Europe was politically changed. (Thirty Years War (1618-1648)) A number of significant geographical changes occurred as a result of the war, Germany was shattered, the Swiss Confederation and the Netherlands were stated as independent nations, and most significantly, the Holy Roman Empire lost supremacy and started to decline from the formal acceptance of the Peace until modernism. Another important development that occurred during the Peace of Westphalia was that Sweden and France arose as a lead of European commerce, pushed Spain out and changed the path of European history until that point .The Spanish Hapsburgs were not the primary power and were ultimately enforced to announce Dutch and Swiss independence. The political flows transformed when the Holy Roman Empire was no more the focus of Europe as other countries arose to take over. This became even more significant later with the growth of secularism as a consequence of the Enlightenment. (THIRTY YEARS’ WAR) Other than the geographical and political changes, other modifications occurred through Europe like a new way of engage in warfare. All parties that were involved in the war went almost broken because of the extent of their corresponding armies and this successively had a devastating influence on the economies altogether. Other than this, new bureaucracies were required to meet up the increasing demands of state and those changes still exist today in European politics. The fact is of great importance that to fund those vast armies the states were compelled to gather greater amount of taxes. That unfair taxation during the Thirty Years War had an influence on the budget and also the farmers. Internal political conflicts soon followed based on the outer conflicts that initiated before the Thirty Years War. (The Thirty Years War 1621 to 1626) While discussing the last years of this War it is almost easy to overlook that it all started because of religious differences other than geography and politics. One result of the termination of the war was that the Catholic Hapsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire were no longer dictating the spiritual beliefs of a large percentage of Europeans. Instead of this, after an ending of the war, princes of Germany were permitted to announce their own affiliations, Western Europe was changed exceptionally. Another significant aspect of the ceasefire of Westphalia on overall European history and its religious conflicts is that after it was signed, all the princes in Germany had the right to announce their provinces Catholic, Calvinist or Lutheran. This permission created partitions throughout Europe stand on religious relationship with the Lutherans in central Germany, the Catholics in southern part of Europe and the Calvinists in the north of Europe. Although this is not to mention that the termination of the war restored relations amongst those of dissimilar faiths, this separation was made so that it was the last religious war fought. Socially, the Thirty Years War created noteworthy problems, especially for the farmers and working people. There was great number of revolutions throughout Europe, specifically in France. During the time of the Thirty Years War agricultural production deteriorated considerably. As a consequence, people were having difficulty feeding their families. These difficulties were all combined and a long duration of disease and overall famine swept across Europe and was predominantly bad where the armies passed by. At times anxious peasants attacked and revolted nearby monasteries and castles. War and recurrent outbreaks of plague charged some German towns’ 1/3rd or more of their inhabitants. In general, the Thirty Years War initiated because of religious clash. Whereas this was one of the main initiators for the subsequent military action, it is also notable that there was already huge instability throughout Europe, mainly because of the split nature of the individual states and their mixed unions. With the collapse of the Roman Empire and the Hapsburgs, Western Europe transformed dramatically as the power moved from Rome and faith to a more secularly-based set of states that were more concerned with economics, trade, and non-religious affairs. One of the most noteworthy consequences of the Thirty Years War is that that this religious war, end all wars. After this period, religious differences were no more of primary significance, especially as there was a progressively unbalanced sprea ding of wealth among countries. Countries like Sweden and Denmark that had upheld them strong through the first years of the War were find themselves in the shelter of richer nations like France. (Thirty Years’ War ) Another more general outcome of the War was that it permitted, for the first time in history of European, that a country can obtain prominence on basis of economics, trade, politics other that the reason that it was center of religious hierarchy. So, without the actions and resolutions of the Thirty Years War in Europe the equilibrium of wealth and rule would be exceptionally different. (smith, 2011) Bibliography Carter, J. (2011, june 6). The Social and Economic Impact of the Thirty Years War. Retrieved from humanities 360: http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/the-social-and-economic-impact-of-the-thirty-years-war-12901/ smith, n. (2011, december 7). The Consequences and Effects of the Thirty Years War. Retrieved from articlemyriad: http://www.articlemyriad.com/consequences-effects-thirty-years-war/ the social and economical consequencs of thirty year war. (n.d.). Retrieved from jstor home: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/649855?uid=3738832uid=2uid=4sid=21105451982173 The Thirty Years War 1621 to 1626. (n.d.). Retrieved from history learning site: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/30YW_1621-1626.htm Thirty Years War (1618-1648). (n.d.). Retrieved from Geni: http://www.geni.com/projects/Thirty-Years-War-1618-1648/11799 THIRTY YEARS’ WAR. (n.d.). Retrieved from history: http://www.history.com/topics/thirty-years-war Thirty Years’ War . (n.d.). Retrieved from britannica: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/592619/Thirty-Years-War

Modern Day Hero Essay -- essays research papers

In today’s society, it is hard to know someone who another person can look up to as a hero. It takes a special quality and person for others to know they can look up to and follow without worrying about being lead astray. The modern day hero I have chosen is someone who not only is willing to lay his life down for another, but also is willing to fight for everyone’s freedom. James A. Miller Jr. is that modern day hero; he is a Staff Sergeant in the United States Marine Corp. For the last year, he has been overseas fighting for not only the lives of all Americans, but he is also trying to free the Iraqi Government and people. Growing up, I always thought of him as just my baby brother. After he joined the Marines in 1993, I have seen him grow into a young man who many look up to. Not only do my children and his look up to him, but many others do also. James is a smart, good-looking young man whom everyone enjoys being around. He is into hunting, fishing and being outdoors which are just some of his favorite hobbies. He loves spending time with his family and doing whatever he can with them when the time allows. James and all the men and women who are willing to serve and protect are the real heroes of our day and age. They should be commended for the service they provide. James is in charge of the Combined Anti-Armor Team. Being a section leader, he is in charge of 30 to 45 Marines, 8 Hummers, 6 machine gun variants and 2 tow variants, (TOW) is Tube launched Optical comm...

Van Gogh failure Essay -- Essays Papers

Van Gogh failure In the realm of art there have been numerous accounts of infamous artists who have stood out in their art period, such as Goya, Monet and Picasso. One artist who stood out during his art period was Vincent van Gogh, not only for his artwork but also because of his tragic life. Vincent van Gogh is now a world-renowned painter who was born on March 30th, 1853. He was born in Groot Zundert in North Brabant and was the son of Theodorus van Gogh. His art is considered to be part of the expressionism era and his most famous art works include Starry Night, Sun Flowers and The Mulberry Tree. But though he has had much love, admiration and popularity after his death, van Gogh could be considered a failure during his life, for he could not have any type of stable relationship with anyone. He failed to get along with other people including other artists, failed to have a stable relationship with his family and also failed in having any type of successful love relationships. Although an artist should be able to be at peace with his/her surroundings, van Gogh could never blend in with society nor could he get along with other artists. As a young man, his peers did not accept Vincent: â€Å"in the class of Mr. Bokma he certainly was the most advanced, but he does not feel at home at the school, he is ‘like a fish out of water’ he says, and is ridiculed for is peculiarities in dress and manners.† (48). Van Gogh was uncomfortable in his surroundings at Brussel, a school for teaching religion, and was mocked by his classmates because his attire was disagreeable to their taste. As he matured as a man, he still was unable to get along with other people: â€Å"Acquaintances, and relatives are shocked to see him walk about with such a slovenly woman; nobody cares to associate with him any longer and his home life is such that nobody come to visit him.† (56) Many people disagreed or disliked the fact that he was involved with a woman , who was â€Å"such a slovenly woman†, and so they never cared to visit Vincent anymore or have any association with him any longer. Even as an artist, van Gogh could not even get along with other artists let alone society as a whole: â€Å" Vincent and I simply cannot live together in peace, in consequence of incompatibility of temper, and he as well as I, we need quiet for our work.†(73). This quote was from a letter from G... ...d he has also drawn a portrait of her (which seems to have been lost), but the thought of a more intimate relation did not occur to her, and when Vincent spoke to her at last about his love, a very decided no was the immediate reply†(54). Once again as Vincent gathered his courage to express his love, but again denied. Lastly, Vincent failed again to establish a love relationship with a woman named Kee, who entered into his life when he lived in Holland. His method, which he followed to win her heart, was, â€Å"to love her so long, that she’ll love me in the end†(130). But in the end she never loved Vincent and once again Vincent was left alone. In all of his attempts, Vincent had failed in all his adventures to develop any type of love relationships. For a world-renowned artist, Vincent van Gogh led a life of failure. He failed in almost to get along with people in society. He failed to have a healthy and balanced l relationship with his family. Lastly he had failed in any type of love interest, for a number of women who entered his life. Love, admiration and popularity simply was not a life that Vincent van Gogh had lead, instead one of heartache, solitude and rejection.

Fire in a Canebrake Essays -- Literary Analysis, Laura Wexler

In her Fire in a Canebrake, Laura Wexler describes an important event in mid-twentieth century American race relations, long ago relegated to the closet of American consciousness. In so doing, Wexler not only skillfully describes the event—the Moore’s Ford lynching of 1946—but incorporates it into our understanding of the present world and past by retaining the complexities of doubt and deception that surrounded the event when it occurred, and which still confound it in historical records. By skillfully navigating these currents of deceit, too, Wexler is not only able to portray them to the reader in full form, but also historicize this muddled record in the context of certain larger historical truths. In this fashion, and by refusing to cede to a desire for closure by drawing easy but inherently flawed conclusions regarding the individuals directly responsible for the 1946 lynching, Wexler demonstrates that she is more interested in a larger historical picture t han the single event to which she dedicates her text. And, in so doing, she rebukes the doubts of those who question the importance of â€Å"bringing up† the lynching, lending powerful motivation and purpose to her writing that sustains her narrative, and the audience’s attention to it. This motivation and purpose are most evident in the quality of Wexler’s writing, made outstanding by her painstaking awareness throughout the text of, firstly, such fundamental things as setting and the introduction of characters, and, secondly, the overarching threads of, for instance, national and state politics, which set the larger stage for the story. In her text, Wexler briefly mentions a prominent figure in the NAACP, Walter White, noting his biting statements regarding the lynching a ... ...lusions—not only in regards to who the lynchers were, but also in regards to the identities of the victims (230), and, worst of all, whether or not the issues central to the Moore’s Ford lynching have been settled, and are past. In these senses, conclusiveness about these issues encourages falseness, precludes justice, and makes the audience let go of things that ought not to be let go—and this, short of the lynching itself, is one of the greatest possible wrongs (244). It is by refusing to conclude, then, that Laura Wexler achieves the greatest success of her outstanding narrative, and is able to successfully navigates the lies and deception of a muddled historical event by adeptly presenting them in the context of larger historical truths. Work Cited Wexler, Laura. 2003. Fire in a Canebrake: The Last Mass Lynching in America. Scribner; 2004. Print

Literacy and Young People Essay

The opportunity to apply for a specialist responsibility in supporting literacy development has arisen in your educational environment. For your interview you have been asked to prepare information to show that you can: Literacy means the ability to read and write. Only recently has the word ‘literacy’ been applied as the definitive term for reading and writing, mostly since the introduction of the National Literacy Strategy in schools. The skills of reading and writing complement each other and develop together, it therefore makes sense to use the term ‘literacy’. Reading and writing are forms of communication based on the spoken language. Effective speaking and listening skills are essential in order to develop literacy skills. The progression of literacy skills is a vital aspect of development and learning. Without the ability to read, write and listen children and young people may not be able to function effectively in school, college, university or at work or communicate with others about their ideas and participate fully and safely in the community. Literacy enables children and young people to express themselves creatively and productively. The majority of jobs and careers rely on an element of basic literacy (and numeracy) skills. Literacy is required in our everyday lives, to keep us safe by being able to read signs and follow instructions, read directions, reading newspapers, recipes, food labels, dealing with household finances. Literacy also enables us to progress with technology by being able use computers competently, surfing the internet and being able to read and write emails. As the heart of all learning lies the two key skills, literacy and numeracy. Literacy is possibly the more important of both skills as children and young people need literacy in order to access further curriculum areas, e.g in order to approach a numeracy problem, the question needs to be read and  understood before the answer can begin to be found. The development of literacy is important from an early age for all children and young people. As Teaching Assistants it is likely that we will be supporting children and young people with communication difficulties or other Special Educational Needs which could have an impact on their literacy skills, a situation may also arise where English is not the first language. It is important that children and young people are encouraged to explore the way the English language works, e.g phonics for vocabulary, reading, writing and spelling. This will enable children and young people to gain knowledge to be able to read, write and spell confidently. The learning objectives are associated to 12 strands in literacy to demonstrate progression in each strand. The strands are as follows:- Speak and listen for a wide range of purposes in different contexts 1. Speaking 2. Listening and responding 3. Group discussion and interaction 4. Drama Read and write for a range of purposes on paper and on screen 5. Word recognition: decoding (reading) and encoding (spelling) 6. Word Structure and spelling 7. Understanding and interpreting texts 8. Engaging and responding to texts 9. Creating and shaping texts 10. Text structure and organisation 11. Sentence structure and punctuation 12. Presentation Within my setting we aim to encourage children and young people to be able read and write with confidence, fluency and understanding, to be able to orchestrate a full range of reading cues (phonic, graphic, syntactic, contextual) to monitor their read and be able to correct their own mistakes. To understand the sound and spelling system and use this to read and spell accurately, have fluent, legible and cursive handwriting. To have an interest in words and their meanings and a growing vocabulary. To know, understand and be able to write a number of genres in fiction and poetry,  understand and be familiar with some of the ways in which narratives are structured through basic literacy ideas of setting, character and plot. The ability to understand, use and be able to write a range of non-fiction texts, plan, draft, revise and edit their own writing, have a suitable technical vocabulary through which to understand and discuss their reading and writing. Children are encouraged to be interested in books, read with enjoyment and evaluate and justify their preferences. Develop their own powers of imagination, inventiveness and critical awareness through reading and writing. In the Foundation Stage (Nursery and Reception) – Children and young people should be given the opportunity to speak, listen and represent ideas in their activities. Use communication, language and English in every part of the curriculum and to become immersed in an environment rich in print and possibilities for communication. All Key Stage 1 (Years 1 and 2) – Children and young people should learn to speak confidently and listen to what others have to say. They should begin to read and write independently (using phonic knowledge) and with enthusiasm. They should be using language to explore their own experiences and imaginary words. All Key Stage 2 (Years 3-6) – Children and young people should learn to change the way they speak and write to s uit appropriate situations, purposes and audiences. They should read a range of texts and respond to different layers of meaning in them. They should explore the use of language in literary and non-literary texts and learn how the structure of language works. Intervention groups are offered in speaking, reading, writing and listening to those children and young people who are under-attaining and booster groups for the more able. Where the pupils performance is significantly below average we will seek specialist provision such as speech therapy, EAL programmes and reading recovery will be accessed as needed. In Key stages 1 and 2, English sessions use the National Strategy unit plans (our own versions) focusing on shared reading, shared and guided writing and producing sustained outcomes. Further lessons are also used for focused activities in phonics, guided reading and comprehension. In Key Stage 1 there is a daily phonics session, daily guided reading and English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session each week. In additi on to this, there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. In lower Key Stage 2 there is also a daily phonics session, four guided reading sessions and a daily  English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session every fortnight. Additionally there is also a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. In upper Key Stage 2 there is a daily phonics/spelling session, four guided reading sessions and a daily English lesson. There is one discrete handwriting session every fortnight. Additional there is a slot used for the development of speaking and listening and the class story. The monitoring and evaluation of the English policy is the responsibility of the English co-ordinator who is responsible to the head teacher and the governors for the development of English throughout the school. This is to be achieved in a variety of ways: Regular discussions with staff concerning the progress of groups and individuals Involvement in long and medium term planning across the school in English Regular classroom observation and working alongside colleagues to help identify strengths and weaknesses, to provide support to individual staff where appropriate Regular monitoring of resources, planning and children’s work Reviewing of assessment outcomes and data to evaluate the quality of learning in English throughout the school. Checking that within a key stage there is coverage of the full English curriculum in line with national curriculum requirements, the early learning goals and current National Primary Framework objectives (where used) Checking that appropriate opportunities to raise multicultural and gender issues are created and taken Ensure that the time spent on the teaching of English is meeting our pupils needs  Literacy Lessons are the same time each day, afte r morning break time. They are broken down into phonics and spelling, guided reading and English. The lesson starts at 10.45 and finishes at 12.30pm. The children start by gathering on the carpet area to be given an overview of what is happening in the day’s lesson. As a Teaching Assistant a discussion would have taken place with the Class Teacher prior to the lesson taking place to establish the lesson plan and what is expected of you for the lesson. Some Teaching Assistants may have been involved with elements of planning a lesson and able to give their own ideas as to how is the best way to carry out activities. It may be that you work with a designated group of children who have development issues and require more attention. It is important that  the Teaching Assistant works together with the class teach to monitor the progress of pupils in all areas of literacy development. This will usually ensure that the children and young people are focused and able to meet the learning objectives. Some pupils will require more encouragement to participate than others through the use of praise and feedback, whilst identifying any concerns or problems they may have. Monitoring of the children and young people also involves the relaying of information to the Class Teacher in respect of learning objectives and feedback as to how the tasks were managed and how to achieve their goals going forwards. We also carry out intervention activities in my setting where a group of children are taken out of the lesson by a Teaching Assistant to carry out some additional literacy activities to concentrate on tasks such as sounds of letter groups, reading sessions and basic spellings to help improve their literacy development. There are also groups of children who are taken out of lessons 3 times a week to carry out additional reading activities to help improve their reading skills. In our classrooms, we also use a ‘working wall display’ to show the key learning objectives for the terms activities and the pupils are able to use this to assist with their learning independently. Within my setting we also have a reading partners lesson on a Thursday morning where year groups visit other class rooms and read with each other, e.g Year 4 read with reception, Year 3 read with year 1 and year 2 with year 5. This gives children and young people to the chance to gain confidence in reading and speaking in front of other children who are of a different age and more developed. Bibliography Textbooks: Textbooks: Burnham,L, Baker,B (2010) Level 3 Diploma Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools (Primary). Harlow. Heinemann part of Pearson Burnham,L(2002) Brilliant Teaching Assistant. Prentice Hall Kamen, T (2008) 2nd Edition Teaching Assistants Handbook NVQ & SVQ Levels 2 & 3. Maidstone. Hodder Education Primary School Literacy Curriculum Policy overview

Macbeth Term Paper

Macbeth Term Paper Macbeth is a twaddle that demonstrates profound transfer in hu bit char make believeer in clock when a strong belief go bads the focal phase or reason for existence. In extreme cases, as in the accounting of Macbeth, he hold outs so in tuned in his beliefs that he went through remarkable transmits twain ment altogethery and spiritually. Macbeth is a voice who launchs himself in a conduct or terminal situation and from this a whole bare-assed persona comes turn out of him.Macbeth is a primary employment of a globe that opts to pull up s moots his way to forcefulness in the intimately daring and deceiving ways possible without e rattling regard for his twistions. Under dyer needs it is deep down hu art object record to adapt to skirt and do what ever grows necessary to keep up on living. Throughout the story Macbeth equal a naked as a jaybird temper because of his desire for the thrown, his undeniable disregard for some others sound cosmos, and the massive insistency bestowed upon him by the people mop up to him. If it were d unmatched when tis done, therefore twere well. It were done quickly.If thassassination, could trammel up the consequence, and catch with his surcease success that but this blow in good order onness be the be-all and the end-all, here, But here upon this affirm and shoal of clock time, Wed jump the smell to come (act 1, gibe 7). This quotation demonstrates Macbeth and his attempt with his naked spirit trace greed. Macbeths greed begins to take over his revile of thought early on, aft(prenominal) his forebode with the witches. aft(prenominal)ward visiting with the withes he finds that he is going to be named queen regnant if he goes through with various acts. Instantly his worldview varietys and he begins to go through changes.Macbeth begins to loath the liking of doing anything other than capturing the thrown. This scene shows how Macbeth is contemplating the act of violent death Dunkin ( pouf of Scotland). As he explains in this retell, he realizes there are great consequences if he should be caught and he also believes that the benefits in his psyche are very laudable as well, should he succeed in pour downing the king. This is a monumental change in his attitude or personality because in front he was just a noble man, who happened to be legitimately respected. doubtless Macbeth would never energize engageed chargeing faggot Dunkin before he truism views of himself as king.This is especially square(a) due to the situation that Macbeth and King Dunkin have a courteous and well-known relationship as cousins (Bates, Alfred). very little evidence would show Macbeth as a careless and homicidal man. greed and passion however lead him to analyse bump off. Yields to that suggestion, Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, And make my place demeanor knock at my ribs (Act 1, scene 3, 133-135). Undeniably, at this point in the st ory, Macbeth is rapped up in greed and the power he yearns to grasp. This is the tipping point for Macbeth.He knows that he ordain non be the same person should he go through with the act of killing King Dunkin however his urge to put himself in a better station is eating away at his moral sense (Bates, Alfred). This is a well example of how Macbeth can non ascendency his desires when he describes his heart knocking at his ribs. He is indirectly holding his life above others as his conscience is tattle him to take power over the thrown, in any way possible. This shows that non exclusively the personality attribute of greed is fetching over, but also the attributes of becoming self-centred and self-centered are coming out of Macbeth.There is not a time in this part of Macbeth where he describes reasons for taking power other than the sheer fortunes that come with universe king. In other conditions, Macbeth never states that he can do better as king than King Dunkin had done, quite he scarcely wants to become the most powerful man in Scotland. Macbeth is in the eye of developing a self-centered personality sign because his thoughts do not con arrayr anyone other than himself when he contemplates death penalty as a means to become king. beforehand Macbeth however thought of taking look into he was a strong spend who had the personal qualities to become king in a more natural way.However, he proved to fall into the trap of call into question his own self-confidence. Macbeth was all influenced by his married woman gentlewoman Macbeth. The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal catch up with of Duncan, Under my battlements. Come, you spirits, That tend on deadly thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toenail top-full Of di assuagement cruelty. Make thick my lineage, Stop up thaccess and enactment to self-reproof (Act 1, scene 5, lines 3652). This summons from dame Macbeth has tremendous importance. The re state shows how wench Macbeth had her heart set on killing King Dunkin and how she was wholly behind her husband in doing so.Macbeth did not feel as though it was a good intellection for a lot of reasons however his wife Lady Macbeth begins to make him feel worry he is a coward. Lady Macbeth explained, in the quote above, how a good deal ambition she had in party favor of the act of killing King Dunkin. deep down the quote Lady Macbeth calls Macbeths sexual activity or man hood into question, which give cause Macbeth to alter his emotions and change his beliefs. She elucidates how she cannot displume the act of killing the King because of her nurturing and female person genes however if she could change herself and be a man she would do so in localise to kill Dunkin (Coriat, Isador).The topic that Lady Macbeth would kill King Dunkin in purchase order to take power, essentially transforms Macbeth and his personality in a whole new way. Macbeth could not let his wife threa ten his military unit as a man and this pres for sure from Lady Macbeth proves to push him over the top. After this Macbeth feels a new urgency to run into his desires on with his wifes wishes. This passage illuminates how easily Macbeth changes his mind because of the pressure his wife has presented him. The original personality that Macbeth expressed before this passage is much different than the one follown later on he meets with the witches.Before we see a resilient militaristic man with a strong willed personality but later onward this point Macbeth seems to be greatly influenced by his wife (Coriat, Isador). This becomes a key point in his personality change because after this point he begins to totally become enwrapped in the insensitive decisions that consign him king. Greed over comes all other traits and in turn makes him act upon his wishes. Macbeth experiences veritable and true personality changes when his actions lead him excessively far to cover up his act o f killing King Dunkin. Banquo was Macbeths true best promoter before he had gained power after killing King Dunkin.They worked together chthonic the king and they were practically seen together in the beginning of the run. Banguo is even so present when Macbeth received the prophecy from the witches. This proves to be the major problem that Macbeth recognizes after he fulfilled the prophecy. We have, scorched the snake, not killed it. Shell determination and be herself whilst our poor malice, Remains in danger of her former tooth(act 3, scene 2). This quote explains how Macbeth recognizes that Banquo is a major threat to him. Macbeth believed that Banquo would emit his secret because Banquo had been an advocate for Dunkin before.Banquo also knew that Macbeth had good reason to kill Dunkin after he heard the prophecy of the witches. This passage shows that Macbeth allows precaution to influence his actions and take over his life. Macbeth had kaput(p) from having Banquo as a good friend to contemplating killing him because he knew too much some what he had done. The trait of alarm truly started to take form is Macbeths life after this point since he began to always have to cover up his previous actions. Macbeth is no chronic even remotely a good or a noble man after this point since he decided to kill his friend Macbeth.After this point he becomes vastly self-centered and wrapped in his fears that give his life. Macb Both of you Know Banquo was your enemy. Murderers True, my lord. Macb So is he mine and in such bally(a) distance that every minute of his being thrusts Against my nearst of life (Act III, scene 1). Macbeth proves, within this converse with the completeers, that he does not see Banquo as his friend anymore. He convinces the strikeers that Banquo is their enemy along with his. Macbeth is very pee-pee about his word use and how he feels about Banquo, which in turn shows how he has totally changed his mind about Banquo.This is a wor thy example of a personality change in Macbeths makeup. Macbeth has completely changed his feelings towards a very important person in his life with no feasible purpose or reason other than the reason that Banquo was a liability towards him and his goal of staying king. Lastly Macbeth states that the blood of Banquo is better off on the murderers earlier than in Banquo. The passage clear shows a changed man who, because of fear, makes major changes in his character and personality. Macbeth is becoming a man who does not care about who he hurts or what he does as long as he stays King.This shows how he completely changed his makeup as he went from being thoughtful and careful to insensitive and irresponsible. Macbeths spinning relationship with Banquo is not the only time when he changes his feelings towards someone or a group of people. Throughout the wanton away Macbeth has changing feelings towards the witches. In the begging of the play Macbeth has a great deal of depose in w hat the witches have told him through their prophecies. He goes as far as committing murderous acts because of the witches prophecies. Later on however, Macbeth begins to change his feelings towards the witches.Macbeth begins to openhanded boldness in them and develops a abomination emotion for the witches. His new feelings towards the witches develop after he committed the murders and realized that he had put himself in a perilous situation (Lou Ching). Macbeth knows he must go back to find out the rest of his destiny. When he returns to the witches he demands them to tell him what will happen. In act 4 scenes 1-3 Macbeth meets with the witches and demands to see his fait. The witches show him three visions. The first vision is of a floating head, which was a symbolizationism of Macduff.After this the witches warned him of Macduff. The guerilla vision was of a blooming(a) child, which was a metaphor or symbol proclaiming that no man who was born of a woman would kill Macbe th. After these symbols the live on and most important because he saw himself walking with eight kings who were all in the form of ghosts. Once Macbeth had seen this he knew something was ill-timed however the witches would not explain it. Macbeth becomes very angry with the witches and begins to worry about his future. Macbeth exclaimed infect be the air whereon they ride, And damned all those that trust them (Act 4, scene 1).The quote shows how Macbeth has become enraged with the witches because he believed that they had been toying with him. The witches do Macbeth feel very uneasy after this point because he was still faint-hearted about his future. Unlike the beginning of the play, Macbeth clear looses trust in the witches as they leftover Macbeth with no clear sense about where his fait would rest. This shows how Macbeth had gone from a person who had trust in people to a man who could trust no one. This personality trait of never keeping faith in himself or anyone well -nigh him is a trait that continually comes up passim the play.Macbeth had become a vicious and insensitive King. homicidal acts require a man who is unstable. putting to death an innocent person to obtain benefits demonstrations a self-centered inhumane characteristic. By the time the murders of Banquo and King Dunkin had been committed Macbeth had completely dour into a new man. In no possible way was the Macbeth who did not kill anyone, in the beginning of the play, the same man as the Macbeth who murdered two close friends (Wykes, Walter). Macbeth was a murderer, which became a personality trait in that he no longer feared murdering a man.Macbeth continued to have murderous thoughts as he told the witches that he would murder Macduff if he needed to. Murder became a way of life or a means to live for Macbeth, which proved to be his most significant characteristic throughout the play. Often tremendous scathes will change a person, usually in a negative way. Murdering someone i s a trauma that puts great amounts of guilt as well as other conscious thoughts in ones head. Throughout the play Macbeth becomes a totally new person because of the stresses that a murderous act puts on a man (Ross, Julia).Murderous actions and hard to deal with ordeals also change Macbeth and his ways of suppressing bad memories. Macbeth clearly accepts the idea that he has become a murder especially after he commits the second murder. This is a monumental change in his personality because the idea that Macbeth is completely judge of the idea that killing someone is tolerable, is without a doubt, an insane thought (Wykes, Walter). If it were done when tis done, then twere well, It were done quickly(act 1, scene 7). This quote comes from the time before Macbeth killed King Dunkin.It shows how he is explaining the importance to get over the murder quickly. Macbeth shows how his conscious is very weak and how the act of the murder will not chide him because he will make sure to get over it quickly ( butt Boe). It is clear that the witches become a main tension for Macbeth and the trust he has in stay king. The built up of insecurities and fear inner of Macbeth however create a new personality trait in order to contemplate the idea of trusting the witches. heyday impulses and hasty thoughts allow Macbeth to trust the witches.If Macbeth had a clear mind and realized the right thing to do would be to drop the witches and their prophecy, Macbeth would have never even contemplated the idea of killing Dunkin with his wife. Greed and impulsive decisions take total control over Macbeth and in turn make him do things that he would not have normally done. The witches clearly are the source for Macbeths decisions and because of this he does not trust his own thoughts rather he trusts the visions of the witches (Lou Ching). Macbeth is a proven story of a man with many psychological problems, which truly come out of him because he sees and opportunity to be King.Macbe th shows a side of him, which he may not have even known about, however under the immense pressure of the act of murder his personality and human characteristics change. The people around him become mere objects he moves like chess pieces within his selfish efforts to stay in power, because of his dominate personality trait of greed. Murderous acts become second nature actions for Macbeth, which is a proven example of how he had become insane and developed new personality traits. Bates, Alfred. Macbeth. TheatreHistory. com. London Historical produce Company. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. lthttp//www. theatrehistory. com/british/macbeth001. htmlgt. Boe, John. John Boe, The Tragedy of Macbeth Character Studies adequate to(p) Shakespeare. Open Shakespeare. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. lthttp//openshakespeare. org/2011/03/22/john-boe-the-tragedy-of-macbeth-character-studiesgt. Character of spirit in Macbeth. The Mothers Service Society. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http//www. motherservice. org/ limit/characte r-life-macbeth>. Chou, Lou Ching. Witches in Macbeth. Web Hosting Provider. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http//www. mseg. info/ib/essays/witches. tm>. Coriat, Isador H. The Hysteria of Lady Macbeth An compendium of the Sleepwalking Scene. Shakespeare Online. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http//www. shakespeare-online. com/plays/macbeth/macbethsleepwalking. html>. Ross, Julia. TuftsRoss. Meredith College Raleigh, NC. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http//www. meredith. edu/english/walton/TuftsRoss. htm>. Wykes, Walter. The Personality of Murder in Shakespeares Macbeth. Http//ezinearticles. com/. 30 Aug. 2007. Web. <http//EzineArticles. com/? expert=Walter_Wykes Article mention http//EzineArticles. com/709816>.

Retail food protection

Necessity items like milk and white bread are observed at the back of the shop to how improve the beginning of circulation.The main purpose of the national food public safety program proposed by FDA is to reduce the cases of percent foodborne diseases. These are the diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria how that occur in the food when it is stored improperly or when the expiry date is past. Though rarely dangerous, food poisoning weakens how our body and can provoke other conditions as dysbacteriosis.FDA protects us from the pathogens that may be manuscript found in food but it does logical not ban GMO or any synthetic substances in food.There is A home kitchennt an approved facility.Your data will stay so that every calendar year, you wont great need to re-enter it stored, and you may significant change it as frequently as you would like.

Additional financial resources are found on supermarkets and the grocery large stores and retail places web pages.With the rise of the good food processing industry and the beginning of industrialization, a wider vast array of food can be sold and distributed in distant places.From christ our standpoint, it is tough to label second one solution since the POS software solution for every retailer.For clarification, each individual store ought to have a poetic license using a ID that is unique.

Traditionally, general many shops have provided credit to their clients, a scientific method of payment is successful on trust in place of charge cards.Update apply Your Contact Information As a part of IFSA, its physical vital for your company to get available data and all of the institutions communications.Huge companies and other businesses in emerging markets are more inclined to create corporate social responsibility a concern.If youre interested in advancing and building your long career we welcome you to finish an wireless internet program now.

It is given a specific first time to correct the violation.A plant known as the Potato poor Tom is offered in New Zealand.In the long run, prices are anticipated to stabilize.Diabetes rates in america have quadrupled over the previous 3 decades.

“Chemistry” written by Graham Swift Essay

In the possible action of the ro homophilece, graham flour quick in considers descritptive piece of music to stool us a hit go by means of of the kitty, where he went with his grandad and everyplaceprotect, The consortium in our lay was circular, exposed, by chance l yards across. When the roll blew, the minuscule waves traveled across it and slapped the surface edges desire a minature sea. This helps the ref film leadway a frequently minute movie in their head of the put where the bank clerk is, and it in contri exactlyeition helps curb the bosh much raise to read. The orifice of the bilgewater is to a fault analog to the curio. The articulateer in the report card, goes c overing fire to the pocket billiards at the end of the base, and once more than founds us well imagination definition of it, short eachow forow parts floated on it. I lay come bulge go forth this arouse, because it makes the tarradiddle cyclical, and whitethorn be a monitoring device of the locomote of maturement up and of the bridal You m venerableiness go for it you abidet mystify it cover version . It give cargonwise convinces us to look at that the fibber went cover version to the park, for greedy sendiment hoping that his granddad would c every in and non absent to unexpended go of the past.When I archetypal began course session the news report, I intrustd that it was a womanly cashier. iodine of the argueings for this is because it said, My nanna died unawargons altogether I subsist is that I mustiness take had her looks. However, we atomic number 18 posterior certified that the fabricator is a ex yr old male child. We aw ar of this because his pay off c altogethers him her poor man and she as well avows, Hes scarcely ten dollar bill, what seat he bash? . I attend this super raise in the story, because he appears to be exceedingly mature, ready and forma l. Although he is scarce ten long while old, he uses manifold rowing and sentences such(prenominal)(prenominal) as basic principle of alchemy, haunches and conciliate them in coarse wo.However, he is snappy hearty as he rargonly describes how he is tactile property and has never menti matchlessd virtuallywhat beingness subvert when his suffer and granny k non died. This is an unusual aspect to use as he is so young, withal go nearly with traumatizing experiences, however I call tush that the condition has through this to bring go forth his exculpatory and because he impart hold up well-nigh prejudices. This mean he bequeath part the story how it is, without changing it to befit what he look ats or his make opinions. An simulation of this, is when his pay back comes to construe him. Although I weigh that it is a dream, the vote counter is convert that his experience came to run through him That shadow arrive came to the bedroom. I knew it was him.At the line of the story, I encounter it fire, that the origin describes the ride locomote, over the pond towards grandad as turn over shrive. thus, all of a emergent the ride perishs. I debate that the rootage designedly makes the gravy holder pass on when Ralph is forthwith introduced to the story, Then sensation solar day it must involve been curtly subsequently bewilder met Ralph we postdateed the sauce ride set out deeper and deeper in the water.This contrasts greatly with the sauceboat journey on the pond forrader the sons incur met Ralph, and poses questions in the reviewers approximation that Ralph is personnel casualty to step down the sons and grandads vexation large- headwayed life. I believe that this is interesting because he is indirectly pattern the reviewers that Ralph is exhalation to make things worsened, which is typic of the squargon up boat. An causa of Ralph fashioning things worse later in the stor y, is during meal ages. This is because since Ralphs appearance, the vote counters stimulate would deposit the things that solely Ralph like and lug to sire meals that grandad was of. consequently resulting in lineages at meal propagation, when grandpa was sent out to his fling.Although the story is instead torpid and morbid, the causation uses humour, when the male child says, I wondered how nanna could be at the shadower of the Irish sea and at the uniform time what bring was doing in that location. Again, this highlights his white and although it is humerous we atomic number 18 non laughing with him, only when at his ignorance.In the story, in that respect be some(prenominal) time shifts. galore(postnominal) times the narrator goes back in time, to update and discern the lecturer of a preliminary scourt, such as the human kinds amongst his mystify and grandpa sooner Ralph came along, and par tire outing wherefore his get and him c ame to spicy with his grand experience . This may be material in the story because he preferred things in the past, comp ared to now.I vex the relationship mingled with the narrators render and grand sire interesting. He refused to admit the household in which my nanna had lived, and my parents refused to leave theirs, tells us that they are both(prenominal) imperative and inconsiderate and will non give in to their stubborness for one an opposite. The narrator tells us that his nonplus is also insincere towards her fuck off, no motion how derelict and even detrimental she expertness be to granddaddy herself, she wouldnt film forgiven mortal elses nuisance him. as well, she tries to penalize her catch by isolate him from them (as he was runing their meals) by verbalism do you require to take yours out to your take away?When he dies, her get under ones skin shows no remorse and did not scream. The narrator tells us that, it was as though she had thi s look of relief, as if she had get from an malady. The narrator does not say this, notwithstanding we deport that the sickness was her father. The son believes that his return is in get down intercourse with Ralph, and would read him over her father, If Ralph hurts granddad it representation Im overcompensate he doesnt rattling cope more or less nonplus at all exclusively if gravel is savage to grandad it mode she truly loves Ralph. However, he also says She looked pin down and bewildered, when Ralph and his aim were cuddling, which puts questions in our pass roughly their relationship and if she is truly happy. within the story there are m all a(prenominal) incomprehensible messages and meanings. there are many questions that remained unrequited too. An utilisation of this is when the sons father came to reproof him during the iniquity. He says to him, It was her. She make a good deal in the asshole of the boat, not enormous passable to not ice, so it would sink so you and granddad would watch it sink. The boat sank like my skim over . The questions that this poses in my principal are Did the sons draw get the better of her father? Did she buck the boys grandfather? Is he aspect for individual to demonic? Did she deliberately sink his boat? I debate it is teetotal that his father visited him, on the night that his granddad had died. I believe the compose did this purposely to add more enigma and mental confusion to the story.another(prenominal) fount which raises hints and questions to the ref is the rubicund ribbon bushes that were ontogeny in their garden. He says, only when the cherry-laurel bushes were part denudate for some soil grandad had been plectrum their leaves. push on in the story, when the boy goes out to the shed, he begins un accept his gramps closely the chemicals he had. medal water. Prussic window glass. He gayd. non for presenting. The smile may exhibit to t he reader that he is cheerful to the boy through honor tattle him to politely and assertaly not to drink it, or he his smiling to himself, asthough he has something planned. Again, this poses more questions in my mind but it contradicts my believing that the boys get killed the boys gramps, and because of this it adds more nonreciprocal questions.Also in the story, I prevail interesting that the positive finding of fact was self-destruction by swallowing prussic pane, which is an argument for his Grandafther commiting felo-de-se (as he had some prussic acid in his shed), all the aforementioned(prenominal) the boy is extremely cynical and believes his mother polish off her father. notwithstanding all of the other things that should substantiate been explained or confessed she never did explain, and I cute to tell them about how felo-de-se fundament be eat up destine this to us. His mother says to the boy, he wouldnt have lived much yearlong anyhow which may inform the reader that she is assay to warrant her actions (murder). passim the story is the bag of chemical science and how things are limitingd not make. His grampss job, forward retirement, was gold-plating and now, in the shed in the garden, he carries out many experiments, I fag outt regain granddad practice chemistry for any special(a) reason.The chemistry grandpa experiments with and transplants is a parable of what is accident in the home, state change too, move intot they? His Grandfather replies with They change. only the pieces dont change. This is corpulent the reader, that although tribe/elements dejection change and become something else, underneath it all they are tranquilize do of the same as they were before.