The Taliban Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Taliban - Research Paper Example complaisant scientists and organizations are conducting studies in order to develop more concrete datathat lead some batch to terrorism and use those insights to develop ways to thwart it (Tori DeAngelis, 2009). The Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu aptly puts it If you know the foeman and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat (The Art of War, 6 BC). The Taliban The Taliban emerged in the nineties as a predominantly Pashtun movement in northern Pakistan. The class became prominent in 1994 in Afghanistan and was then recognized by the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. It gained notoriety after the 9/11 attacks in the United States of America in 2001 and was soon removed from power in Afghanistan by a US-led coalition. The group advocated a hard line enforcement of Islamic Law (BBC News Asia, 3 January 2012). Taliba n ideology is based on Salafism which follows the egalitarian model, and Pashtunwali, which arose from the madrassas during the Afghan-Soviet war. The group represented nobody but themselves and recognized no Islam except their own. (Afsar, major Shahid, Samples, Major Chris and Wood, Major Thomas, 2008). Their religious ideology firmly enforces zealous compliance to their rule including outlaw all forms of entertainment, and banning of womens education, including their seclusion. Harsh punishment for offenses like chopping of hands and public executions are their common methods of dispensing justice for comprehend crime (EASO, 2012). The group has a hierarchical and layered structure with autonomous units under the control of the fundamental leadershiphip. It is headed by the Mullah Mohammad Omar who also controls the Shura (Leadership Council) with several organizing directors controlling provincial level activities under him. The next level of pecking order is the Provincia l Chief with their respective Provincial Commision members, followed by the District level chief with District Deputies. On the fighter level, are the squad leaders with their respective Mujahiddens (EASO, 2012). Decision making is left to the top leaders who utilize authoritarian decision-making. The lower levels of the hierarchy on the other hand rely on consensus decision-making to contain support from the populace (Afsar et. al, 2012). According to Jeffrey Dressler and Carl Forsberg, in their article Backgrounder The Quetta Shura Taliban in Southern Afghanistan Organization, Operation and Shadow presidency (December 31, 2009) Large fighting units range in size from groups of twelve to thirty-plus fighters. They typically carry outcoordinated, multi-directional ambushes or raids in Taliban-controlled territory. Suicide bombers areforeign(as) their deaths will not be mourned by local anaesthetic families, potentially eroding public support forSuicide attackers are trained in Pa kistan and sent into the south, to report to a specific commander to receive instructions. At the district level and below are resourced by local indigenous fighters. Low-level commanders and small-unit leaders (no less than five personnel) operate with a higher degree of autonomy. smaller units are typically comprised of between eight and twelve men, responsible for planting improvised explosive devices (IEDs), conducting humble ambushes of coalition and Afghan patrols and checkpoints and

Strategic Management Unit 5 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic anxiety Unit 5 DB - Essay ExampleTheir main reason for breaking the bond was that the cultures of the 2 companies could not accommodate each other. Incompatible ne twainrks and ugly phones resulted into bad customer experience. It was difficult to merge assets and liabilities of the two firms hindering the creation of the much anticipated synergy (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2008). Economic down turn also begun to organise a biting turn and customers expectation grew large and larger. Further, stiff competition form market rivals such(prenominal) as AT&T, the iPhone, as well as Verizon, ate away significant market theatrical role driving down the sales of the joint venture.In most cases, mergers and acquisitions have negative impact on employees. The case of Sprint and Nextel merger was no exception. Moreover, the difficult times after the merger only impounded more(prenominal) misfortunes for the employees of the two companies. Amidst the crisis of the joint venture, i t started to lay-off workers in a bid to reduce operating costs. An employee who never obliged to the hard policies by taking some break from work as a result of his fathers death was mercilessly fired (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2008). The merger was no good news for employees of both

Carl Von Clausewitz on War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Carl Von Clausewitz on war - Essay ExampleAs an initial matter, if one wishes to understand how leaders and military strategists approach the issues associated with war, it is obligatory to understand the types of logic that they espouse. One school of thought, attributed to Karl Von Clausewitz, approaches war as a series of rational calculations. He rejects the notion that war is initiated, prosecuted, or terminated as a result of emotional whims quite the opposed he sets forth a detailed framework by which relevant actors either do or ought to consider at each stage. In effect, he establishes a type of cost-benefit analysis attached to a political objective lens. This cost-benefit analysis he has stated thuslywar is not an act of senseless heating system but is controlled by its political object, the value of this object essential determine the sacrifices to be made for it in magnitude and distance. Once the expenditure of efforts exceeds the value of the political object, t he object must be renounced and peace must follow (Von Clausewitz, 1873).This short statement contains a number of relevant factors relevant to the conduct and termination of a war. First, the political object must be understandably defined or it may become in truth challenging to engage in any type of cost-benefit analysis. Nations that do not have a clearly defined political objective, or which find themselves confronted with changing political objectives, may find themselves unable to picture meaningfully. Americas war in Iraq is a case in point to illustrate, the political object was publicly stated to be the need to eliminate a dictators possession of weapons of crapper destruction. This was a clearly defined political object and a cost-benefit analysis would have been rather straightforward. The American leadership could have determined the sacrifices, financially and in terms of lives lost, by determining the magnitude and duration of the military operation required to elim inate such weapons of mass destruction. A problem,

The impact of the economic, legal, political, technical, Essay

The impact of the economic, legal, political, technical, international, and social environments on administration - Essay grammatical caseThe law is slated to take effect on October 17, 2005. When Rep. F. James Sensenbrenner (R. Wis.), chairman of the coitusional Judiciary Committee sponsored the legislation, he and his committee members and Congress in general acknowledged that banks and credit tantalise companies were suspect to large losses, from the game incidence of Chapter 7 filings. However, thither would soon be another downside which both the Judiciary Committee and Congress in general, nor President Bush could have ever anticipated.On August 29, 2005 hurri green goddesse Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast and devastated the urban center of spic-and-span Orleans. Three weeks later, hurricane Rita wreaked havoc on Texas, Mississippi, Alabama and left enough of its devastation in New Orleans to place them back at square one.In a survey by ISO, an amends and risk data f irm based in Jersey City, NewJersey, they found that personal and commercialised loss claims for hurricane Katrina would likely be in the neighborhood of $34.4 billion, which qualifies it as the most costly natural misfortune in United States history.(New York Times,2005) Albeit this figure is unprecedented and capacious, it is by no means the final devastation figure. At least 99% of the persons who were housed at the Louisiana Superdome and the Civic Center, along with countless others who co-exist from pay check to payroll check who are uninsured, are yet to be tallied.Robert Lawless, a law professor at the University of Nevada Law discipline found in a recent Nevada Law Journal study that bankruptcy filings rose roughly 50 percent faster in states affected by hurricanes than in those unaffected. Mr. Lawlesss study found that the bank note in bankruptcy filings was not right after a storm but two to triad years later. (New York Times/Editorial 05). Obviously the victims o f Katrina pull up stakes no doubt skew these findings as they real fit the profile of those who typically file for chapter 7 relief.Lawless points out, The commonality of most bankruptcy filers is a huge setback beyond their control, like illness, the death of a loved one, divorce or layoff.(New York Times).The banks and credit card companies who paid and lobbied for the passage of this new bankruptcy law, will no doubt benefit immensely because it will now become more difficult for Chapter 7 filers to erase their negative history. Obviously, this writer believes that under figure circumstances, when one establishes credit and incurs a debt, then you are obligated to pay. Of course the operative word here is normal. If one has delusions of how abnormal things are in New Orleans after Katrina, one can listen to the plight of the Mayor of New Orleans, Ray Nagin in an October 11, 2005 interview where he said. 3I will lay-off 3,000 city employees because I have not been able to find the money to keep (non-essential) workers on the payroll.(Nagin qtd.Fox News) These individuals are at the bottom of the food chain and maybe they did not lose as much as many others, but now, all that they did have prior to

Decision Support Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

last Support Systems - Term Paper ExampleHowever, even after six months, many of the two gazillion people do homeless still need and are waiting for the supports (Oxfam New Zealand, n.d).Pakistan frequently experiences inherent disasters resulting in heavy casualties of life and wealth. The seismic risk is heavy in many major Pakistani cities like Karachi, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. Poor constructions and lack of building codes enforcement lead to further loss of human life. Further, changes in demography and climate could lead to more damages (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 24)Decision Support Systems Considering the extent of the devastation caused by the seism in Pakistan and the possibility of its reoccurrence in the future, it is necessary that certain strategy should be devised to reduce the deadly make of these natural catastrophes. Here are some of the steps suggested for the concerned authorities to consider.Identifying the risk It has been found earliest that there are greater chances of the places around the earthquake-affected area experiencing the tremors of the earth shake. Seismological monitoring does exist in almost every country but it should be modernized. After the recent quake efforts should be made to make new seismic risk analysis in Pakistan. A combined assessment of the possible risk to human lives, infrastructure, and the economy should be made. The authorities in the areas prone to the earthquakes should be made sure of these hazards and instructed to strictly follow the construction rules. In the future development plan, the areas of the earthquake should be shown clearly.Also, there should not only be the seismic recording machines, but there should also be early ensample systems. The experienced scientist should closely monitor these systems. The time of warning before the actual occurrence of the disaster should be long plenteous for the government to take preventive actions like the removal of people from the area of the electromotive force disaster. These early warning systems should be maintained properly and from time to time should be checked for the body (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 25)Responding to the Earthquake A national disaster strategy should be made and implemented. At the time of disaster, there should be close coordination between the national authorities and the local authorities. After the disaster, the local community is generally the first responder. Hence the locals in the disaster-prone areas should be given the training to tackle the emergency situations. They should be ingenious to protect themselves and also protect others (Pakistan 2005 Earthquake, n.d, 24).The local authorities also should be made competent enough and trained to face such emergency situations. The NGOs should be encouraged to get involved in the emergency, at the earliest. The local community, the NGOs, the local authorities and the national authorities, all should be made to work in in tandem w ithout creating unnecessary hassles in the emergency situation.

Macroeconomics in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics in Finance - screen ExampleThe bewilder is taken to be equally influential as the Keynesian model that which was in the first place formulated by John Keynes in the 20th century. The model relates employment and aggregate demand to collar exogenous quantities namely the government spending, business expectations by the state and the total amount of money in circulation. The model can be understood in the commonplace equilibrium theory. The model can be used in line with the Phillips curve to make prediction for font an enlarge in the general employment level would lead to developmentd inflation rate (the general price rise) the resultant increase in money supply would hence increase employment and the output level (Obstfeld, M. and Kenneth, R.(1996) chthonic the model a sustained fail in general prices (deflation) ordain be caused by a crusade in the supply curve and more importantly the demand curve for goods and interest. This means a attain in how the pri ces of goods compared to how much the economy is willing to buy of.It brings the idea of benefit of unemployment, insurance and fluctuations costs. i.e. the unemployed viewing significant heterogeneity in marginal propensity to consume the available income and in holding of wealth. (Obstfeld, and Kenneth, 1996)Aspects for example it has all the variables that are contained in the IS-LM model i.e. consumption interest rate, expected inflation, the gross domestic product, coronation and government spending. (Uzawa, 1969)However, the two models have some differences in their basic setup.The IS curve is given as Y=C+I+G+NXWhere NX= net exports While the LM curve is given as M/P=L (I, Y)Where M= money supplyP= average priceL= liquidnessI= interest rateU=GDPQuestion TwoIS -LM-FE Mundell Fleming model in analyze effect of an increase in public spending under fixed exchange ratesUnder a flexible exchange rate an increase in public spending will provide into an increase in the money sup ply in any given country. According to this model an increase in money supply will shift the LM curve to the right. The resultant effect will be reduced local interest rate thus